119-HR4933

Bill is currently in: House
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House Senate President

119th CONGRESS

1st Session

H. R. 4933

1. Short title
2. Expansion of refundable research credit for new and small businesses
3. Modifications to alternative simplified credit for new and small businesses

1. Short title

This Act may be cited as the "Research and Development Tax Credit Expansion Act of 2025".

2. Expansion of refundable research credit for new and small businesses

(a) Adjustment for inflation - Paragraph (4) of section 41(h) of such Code is amended—

(1) - by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D),

(2) - by redesignating clause (ii) of subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C), and by moving such subparagraph 2 ems to the left,

(3) - by striking "Limitations" in the heading of subparagraph (B) and inserting "Limitation on amount of election",

(4) - by striking "Amount" in the heading of clause (i) of subparagraph (B) and inserting "In general", and

(5) Adjustment for inflation - by adding at the end of subparagraph (B), as amended by the preceding subparagraphs of this paragraph, the following new clause:

(ii) Adjustment for inflation - In the case of a taxable year beginning after 2026, the dollar amounts in clause (i) shall be increased by an amount equal to—

(I) - such dollar amount, multiplied by

(II) - the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar year in which the taxable year begins, determined by substituting "2025" for "2016" in subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof.

(b) Credit refundable against unemployment taxes -

(1) In general - Section 3111(f)(1)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking "subsection (b)" and inserting "subsection (b) and section 3301".

(2) Conforming amendments -

(A) - Paragraph (2) of section 3111(f) of such Code is amended by striking "the tax imposed by subsection (b)" and inserting "the sum of the taxes imposed by Comprehensive Legislation Ensuring Accountability and Responsiveness Act of 2025, subsection (b), and section 3301".

(B) Credit for research expenditures of qualified small businesses - Section 3302 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

(i) Credit for research expenditures of qualified small businesses - Any portion of the credit under section 3111(f) which is credited under such section to the tax under section 3301 shall be treated as a credit under this section. Subsection (c) shall not apply to any such credit.

(c) Qualified small business definition expanded - Section 41(h)(3)(A) of such Code is amended—

(1) - in clause (i)(I), by striking "$5,000,000" and inserting "$10,000,000",

(2) - by amending clause (i)(II) to read as follows:

(II) - such entity did not have gross receipts (as so determined) exceeding an aggregate of $25,000 for any taxable year preceding the 10-taxable-year period ending with such taxable year, and

(3) - by adding at the end the following flush sentence:

(d) Effective date - The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.

3. Modifications to alternative simplified credit for new and small businesses

(a) In general - Paragraph (4) of section 41(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

(D) Special rules for qualified small businesses - In the case of a qualified small business (as defined in subsection (h)(3))—

(i) Credit rate - Subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting "20 percent" for "14 percent".

(ii) Special rule for 1st year of qualified research expenses - If the taxpayer has no qualified research expenses in any taxable year preceding the taxable year for which the credit is being determined, subparagraph (B)(ii) shall be applied by substituting "20 percent" for "6 percent".

(iii) Special rule for other years - If the taxpayer is not described in clause (ii) for the taxable year, and subparagraph (B) applies to such taxpayer for such year, at the election of the taxpayer—

(I) - subparagraph (B)(ii) shall be applied by substituting "10 percent" for "6 percent", or

(II) - subparagraph (B) shall not apply, and the average under subparagraph (A) shall be determined by disregarding any taxable year in the 3-year period described in such subparagraph in which there were no qualified research expenses.

(b) Effective date - The amendment made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.